Please select a section below:
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Scientific Advisory Board
| Bruce C. Trapnell, M.D. (Chair)
Mani Kavuru, M.D.
John Seymour, M.D.
Francis X. McCormack, M.D.
Koh Nakata, M.D. Ph.D.
Michael Beers, M.D.
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Milestones in PAP Research
History and Scientific Background
Acquired PAP has only been recognized in the literature since 1958 when an article published in The New England Journal of Medicine and authored by doctors Rosen, Castleman, and Liebow, commented on the abnormal yet distinctive histological appearance of lung tissue specimens marked by accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material. In 1965, Larson and Gordinier first suggested that this material was an abnormal accumulation of surfactant.
For many years, the cause of the accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli of the lungs was debated. Was it due to abnormalities in the production, break-down, or actual structure of surfactant? It wasn’t until1994 that the discovery of a pulmonary disorder in knock-out mice (mice in which a gene has been silenced or made non-functional) played a key role in understanding the true nature of the abnormalities. These mice were knock-outs for a gene that encoded for a growth factor called GM-CSF, thought to be responsible for stimulating the growth and differentiation of blood cells derived from bone marrow. The mice, deficient in GM-CSF, developed a condition that mirrored the alveolar lipoproteinosis in humans.
Genetically Altered Mice Deficient in GM-CSF Develop PAP
Researchers, seeking to determine if the GM-CSF deficiency was in fact the cause of alveolar proteinosis in the knock-out mice, tried replacing GM-CSF by multiple methods and consistently were able to reverse the lung disorder, indicating the key role that this growth factor plays in the development of the disease. With this new information, research soon turned to examining why lack of GM-CSF caused alveolar proteinosis in mice.
Researchers first investigated to see if GM-CSF deficiency was somehow causing an overproduction of surfactant in the lungs of the knock-out mice, but studies of gene expression in the mice indicated that there was no increased production of surfactant proteins or phospholipids as compared to normal mice. However, in other studies severe impairments in the clearance of proteins and phospholipids were observed. The scientists soon began to suspect that perhaps some sort of defect in the lungs’ alveolar macrophages was resulting in inadequate clearance of surfactant from the lungs of the GM-CSF knock-out mice. Supporting this idea was the observation of abnormal, enlarged alveolar macrophages with a foamy appearance that were obtained from the lungs of the knock-out mice.
Follow up studies examining alveolar macrophages demonstrated that in the absence of GM-CSF, the alveolar macrophages are capable of engulfing (ingesting) surfactant, but are unable to properly break it down, possibly explaining the enlarged, foamy appearance of the alveolar macrophages and the accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material in the lungs. This also supported the previously hypothesized idea that inadequate clearance of surfactant from the lungs of GM-CSF knock-out mice was due to impairment of alveolar macrophage function. Subsequent studies showed that GM-CSF stimulated a key growth factor for macrophages and indicated that lack of GM-CSF leads to defective maturation of the alveolar macrophages and, consequently, malfunction.
The Role of GM-CSF in Primary PAP In Humans
One key difference that makes the alveolar lipoproteinosis in mice different from in the acquired human disease is that in the human version, there is no deficiency in GM-CSF production. What then accounts for the disorder in humans?
In September of 1999, a ground-breaking paper by Kitamura et al. was published in The Journal of Experimental Medicine announcing the discovery that acquired PAP is an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is a disorder that occurs when the body mistakenly mounts an immune response against its own self-made substances, cells, or tissues. Typically in an autoimmune disease, the body produces antibodies against whatever it has misidentified as foreign. In the case of acquired PAP, the researchers discovered the presence of an antibody against GM-CSF in both the blood and in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF, fluid that is obtained when the lungs are rinsed with saline). This "neutralizing" antibody was not found in healthy patients.
More recently, investigations into the effects of the autoantibody obtained from acquired PAP patients demonstrated that the presence of the antibody inhibits the growth and development of alveolar macrophages, further supporting the concept that GM-CSF plays an important role in the maturation of these immune cells. In addition, studies have also demonstrated that the autoantibody is present in high enough quantities to neutralize the activity of GM-CSF in the lungs, indicating that this autoantibody is likely key in the development of acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
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Review Articles of Primary
(IDIOPATHIC) PAP
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Trapnell BC, Whitsett JA and Nakata K
N Engl J Med 2003;349:2527-39
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14695413
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: progress in the first 44 years
Seymour JF and Presneill JJ
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:215-35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12119235
GM-CSF regulates pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and alveolar macrophage-mediated innate host defense
Trapnell BC and Whitsett JA
Annu Rev Physiol 2002;64:775-802
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11826288
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a review
deMello DE and Lin Z
Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 2001;20:413-32
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11552740
Diagnosing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A review and an update
Wang BM, Stern EJ, Schmidt RA and Pierson DJ
Chest 1997;111:460-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9041997
[Primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis--clinical observation of 68 patients in Japan]
Asamoto H, Kitaichi M, Nishimura K, Itoh H and Izumi T
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995;33:835-45
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7474563
Pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis: experience with 34 cases and a review
Prakash UB, Barham SS, Carpenter HA, Dines DE and Marsh HM
Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:499-518
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3553760
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: prospective clinical experience in 23 patients for 15 years
Kariman K, Kylstra JA and Spock A
Lung 1984;162:223-31
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=6492867
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in four siblings
Teja K, Cooper PH, Squires JE and Schnatterly PT
N Engl J Med 1981;305:1390-2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7300857
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Davidson JM and Macleod WM
Br J Dis Chest 1969;63:13-28
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=4886263
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. Report of Six Cases, Review of the Literature, and Formulation of a New Theory
Larson RK and Gordinier R
Ann Intern Med 1965;62:292-312
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14259213
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Rosen SH, Castleman B and Liebow AA
N Engl J Med 1958;258:1123-42
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=13552931
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Epidemiology- The Study of
the Determinants of Primary PAP
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: progress in the first 44 years
Seymour JF and Presneill JJ
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:215-35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12119235
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a review
deMello DE and Lin Z
Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 2001;20:413-32
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11552740
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Israel: ethnic clustering
Ben-Dov I, Kishinevski Y, Roznman J, Soliman A, Bishara H, Zelligson E, Grief J, Mazar A, Perelman M, Vishnizer R and Weiler-Ravel D
Isr Med Assoc J 1999;1:75-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10731299
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: clinical features and outcomes
Goldstein LS, Kavuru MS, Curtis-McCarthy P, Christie HA, Farver C and Stoller JK
Chest 1998;114:1357-62
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9824014
Lung transplantation for treatment of infants with surfactant protein B deficiency
Hamvas A, Nogee LM, Mallory GB, Jr., Spray TL, Huddleston CB, August A, Dehner LP, deMello DE, Moxley M, Nelson R, Cole FS and Colten HR
J Pediatr 1997;130:231-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9042125
Secondary alveolar proteinosis is a reversible cause of respiratory failure in leukemic patients
Cordonnier C, Fleury-Feith J, Escudier E, Atassi K and Bernaudin JF
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:788-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8118651
Pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis: experience with 34 cases and a review
Prakash UB, Barham SS, Carpenter HA, Dines DE and Marsh HM
Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:499-518
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3553760
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Clinical, Radiographic & Laboratory Manifestations of Primary PAP
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: progress in the first 44 years
Seymour JF and Presneill JJ
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:215-35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12119235
BAL findings in a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis successfully treated with GM-CSF
Schoch OD, Schanz U, Koller M, Nakata K, Seymour JF, Russi EW and Boehler A
Thorax 2002;57:277-80
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11867836
Therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with idiopathic acquired alveolar proteinosis
Seymour JF, Presneill JJ, Schoch OD, Downie GH, Moore PE, Doyle IR, Vincent JM, Nakata K, Kitamura T, Langton D, Pain MC and Dunn AR
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:524-31
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11179134
Change in cytokeratin 19 fragment level according to the severity of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Minakata Y, Kida Y, Nakanishi H, Nishimoto T and Yukawa S
Intern Med 2001;40:1024-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11688827
Serological diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Kitamura T, Uchida K, Tanaka N, Tsuchiya T, Watanabe J, Yamada Y, Hanaoka K, Seymour JF, Schoch OD, Doyle I, Inoue Y, Sakatani M, Kudoh S, Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tomita T, Katagiri M, Fujita A, Kurashima A, Kanegasaki S and Nakata K
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:658-62
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10934102
Crazy-paving appearance at thin-section CT: spectrum of disease and pathologic findings
Johkoh T, Itoh H, Muller NL, Ichikado K, Nakamura H, Ikezoe J, Akira M and Nagareda T
Radiology 1999;211:155-60
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10189465
Elevated bronchoalveolar concentrations of MCP-1 in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Iyonaga K, Suga M, Yamamoto T, Ichiyasu H, Miyakawa H and Ando M
Eur Respir J 1999;14:383-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10515418
Serum and bronchoalveolar fluid KL-6 levels in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Takahashi T, Munakata M, Suzuki I and Kawakami Y
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:1294-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9769294
Surfactant proteins A and D: disease markers
Kuroki Y, Takahashi H, Chiba H and Akino T
Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1408:334-45
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9813383
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: clinical features and outcomes
Goldstein LS, Kavuru MS, Curtis-McCarthy P, Christie HA, Farver C and Stoller JK
Chest 1998;114:1357-62
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9824014
Diagnosing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A review and an update
Wang BM, Stern EJ, Schmidt RA and Pierson DJ
Chest 1997;111:460-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9041997
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: high-resolution CT, chest radiographic, and functional correlations
Lee KN, Levin DL, Webb WR, Chen D, Storto ML and Golden JA
Chest 1997;111:989-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9106579
Six cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: presentation of unusual associations
Garcia Rio F, Alvarez-Sala R, Caballero P, Prados C, Pino JM and Villamor J
Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 1995;50:12-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7742818&dopt=Abstract
Increased carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Fujishima T, Honda Y, Shijubo N, Takahashi H and Abe S
Respiration 1995;62:317-21
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8552862
[Primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis--clinical observation of 68 patients in Japan]
Asamoto H, Kitaichi M, Nishimura K, Itoh H and Izumi T
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995;33:835-45
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7474563
Pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis: experience with 34 cases and a review
Prakash UB, Barham SS, Carpenter HA, Dines DE and Marsh HM
Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:499-518
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3553760
The clinical and physiological effect of whole-lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a ten-year experience
Selecky PA, Wasserman K, Benfield JR and Lippmann M
Ann Thorac Surg 1977;24:451-61
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=921378
Diagnosis and management of alveolar proteinosis: the role of electron microscopy
Costello JF, Moriarty DC, Branthwaite MA, Turner-Warwick M and Corrin B
Thorax 1975;30:121-32
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1179307
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Preger L
Radiology 1969;92:1291-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5790638
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in alveolar proteinosis
Fountain FF, Jr.
Jama 1969;210:1283
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5394655
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A review of the findings and theories to date, with a digression on Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
De Sanctis PN
Bmq 1962;13:19-35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=13884520
Physiologic and clinical aspects of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Fraimow W, Cathcart RT and Taylor RC
Ann Intern Med 1960;52:1177-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=13824313
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Rosen SH, Castleman B and Liebow AA
N Engl J Med 1958;258:1123-42
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=13552931
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Natural History, Background, and Associations of PAP
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: progress in the first 44 years
Seymour JF and Presneill JJ
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:215-35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12119235
Primary cerebellar nocardiosis and alveolar proteinosis
Oerlemans WG, Jansen EN, Prevo RL and Eijsvogel MM
Acta Neurol Scand 1998;97:138-41
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9517865
Secondary alveolar proteinosis in cancer patients
Ladeb S, Fleury-Feith J, Escudier E, Tran Van Nhieu J, Bernaudin JF and Cordonnier C
Support Care Cancer 1996;4:420-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8961472
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a painter with elevated pulmonary concentrations of titanium
Keller CA, Frost A, Cagle PT and Abraham JL
Chest 1995;108:277-80
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7606971
Secondary alveolar proteinosis is a reversible cause of respiratory failure in leukemic patients
Cordonnier C, Fleury-Feith J, Escudier E, Atassi K and Bernaudin JF
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:788-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8118651
Pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis: experience with 34 cases and a review
Prakash UB, Barham SS, Carpenter HA, Dines DE and Marsh HM
Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:499-518
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3553760
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicated by cerebral abscess: report of a case
Walker DA and McMahon SM
J Am Osteopath Assoc 1986;86:447-50
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3528083
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis occurring in two patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Ruben FL and Talamo TS
Am J Med 1986;80:1187-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3014876
Alveolar proteinosis as a consequence of immunosuppression. A hypothesis based on clinical and pathologic observations
Bedrossian CW, Luna MA, Conklin RH and Miller WC
Hum Pathol 1980;11:527-35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7429503
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and Nocardia brain abscess. Report of a case
Supena R, Karlin D, Strate R and Cramer PG
Arch Neurol 1974;30:266-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=4204855
Acute silico-proteinosis. A new pathologic variant of acute silicosis in sandblasters, characterized by histologic features resembling alveolar proteinosis
Buechner HA and Ansari A
Dis Chest 1969;55:274-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5775743
The Association of Nocardiosis and Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. A Case Study
Andriole VT, Ballas M and Wilson GL
Ann Intern Med 1964;60:266-75
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14114445
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis with Hematologic Disorders
Doyle AP, Balcerzak SP, Wells CL and Crittenden JO
Arch Intern Med 1963;112:940-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14065004
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Rosen SH, Castleman B and Liebow AA
N Engl J Med 1958;258:1123-42
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=13552931
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Surfactant Homeostasis in PAP
Hydrophobic surfactant proteins in lung function and disease
Whitsett JA and Weaver TE
N Engl J Med 2002;347:2141-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12501227
Gm-CSF regulates pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and alveolar macrophage-mediated innate host defense
Trapnell BC and Whitsett JA
Annu Rev Physiol 2002;64:775-802
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11826288
A mutation in the surfactant protein C gene associated with familial interstitial lung disease
Nogee LM, Dunbar AE, 3rd, Wert SE, Askin F, Hamvas A and Whitsett JA
N Engl J Med 2001;344:573-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11207353
Surfactant metabolism in SP-D gene-targeted mice
Ikegami M, Whitsett JA, Jobe A, Ross G, Fisher J and Korfhagen T
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;279:L468-76
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10956621
Collectins and pulmonary host defense
Crouch EC
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998;19:177-201
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9698590
A mutation in the surfactant protein B gene responsible for fatal neonatal respiratory disease in multiple kindreds
Nogee LM, Garnier G, Dietz HC, Singer L, Murphy AM, deMello DE and Colten HR
J Clin Invest 1994;93:1860-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8163685
Aggregation and opsonization of type A but not type B Hemophilus influenzae by surfactant protein A
McNeely TB and Coonrod JD
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:114-22
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8018334
Brief report: deficiency of pulmonary surfactant protein B in congenital alveolar proteinosis
Nogee LM, de Mello DE, Dehner LP and Colten HR
N Engl J Med 1993;328:406-10
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8421459
Surfactant protein-A concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Honda Y, Takahashi H, Shijubo N, Kuroki Y and Akino T
Chest 1993;103:496-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8432143
Function and regulation of expression of pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins
Weaver TE and Whitsett JA
Biochem J 1991;273(Pt 2):249-64
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1991023
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Staining for surfactant apoprotein in alveolar proteinosis and in conditions simulating it
Singh G, Katyal SL, Bedrossian CW and Rogers RM
Chest 1983;83:82-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=6336692
Diagnosis and management of alveolar proteinosis: the role of electron microscopy
Costello JF, Moriarty DC, Branthwaite MA, Turner-Warwick M and Corrin B
Thorax 1975;30:121-32
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1179307
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
McClenahan JB
Arch Intern Med 1974;133:284-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=4405909
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Davidson JM and Macleod WM
Br J Dis Chest 1969;63:13-28
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=4886263
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Nature and origin of alveolar lipid
Ramirez J and Harlan WR, Jr.
Am J Med 1968;45:502-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5678094
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. Report of Six Cases, Review of the Literature, and Formulation of a New Theory
Larson RK and Gordinier R
Ann Intern Med 1965;62:292-312
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14259213
Lipoprotein composition of the film lining the lung
Pattle RE and Thomas LC
Nature 1961;189:844
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=13733384
Composition of surface-active material isolated from beef lung
Klaus MH, Clements JA and Havel RJ
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1961;47:1858-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14456669
The surface membrane of pulmonary alveolar walls
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GM-CSF regulates alveolar macrophage differentiation and innate immunity in the lung through PU.1
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Exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administration for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Detection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis express a factor which neutralizes granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
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Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
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J Exp Med 1999;190:875-80
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Elevated bronchoalveolar concentrations of MCP-1 in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Defective expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3/interleukin-5 receptor common beta chain in children with acute myeloid leukemia associated with respiratory failure
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Pathogenesis of Primary (Idiopathic) PAP
High-affinity autoantibodies specifically eliminate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activity in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Uchida K, Nakata K, Trapnell BC, Terakawa T, Hamano E, Mikami A, Matsushita I, Seymour JF, Oh-Eda M, Ishige I, Eishi Y, Kitamura T, Yamada Y, Hanaoka K and Keicho N
Blood 2004;103:1089-98
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Autoantibodies against granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor are diagnostic for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Bonfield TL, Russell D, Burgess S, Malur A, Kavuru MS and Thomassen MJ
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002;27:481-6
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GM-CSF regulates alveolar macrophage differentiation and innate immunity in the lung through PU.1
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Immunity 2001;15:557-67
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Therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with idiopathic acquired alveolar proteinosis
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Impaired functional activity of alveolar macrophages from GM-CSF-deficient mice
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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001;281:L1210-8
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Serological diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administration for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Kavuru MS, Sullivan EJ, Piccin R, Thomassen MJ and Stoller JK
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1143-8
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Detection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Carraway MS, Ghio AJ, Carter JD and Piantadosi CA
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1294-9
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GM-CSF and GM-CSF beta c receptor in adult patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Eur Respir J 2000;15:350-7
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Lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis express a factor which neutralizes granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
Tanaka N, Watanabe J, Kitamura T, Yamada Y, Kanegasaki S and Nakata K
FEBS Lett 1999;442:246-50
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Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Kitamura T, Tanaka N, Watanabe J, Uchida, Kanegasaki S, Yamada Y and Nakata K
J Exp Med 1999;190:875-80
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Elevated bronchoalveolar concentrations of MCP-1 in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Iyonaga K, Suga M, Yamamoto T, Ichiyasu H, Miyakawa H and Ando M
Eur Respir J 1999;14:383-9
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Defective expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3/interleukin-5 receptor common beta chain in children with acute myeloid leukemia associated with respiratory failure
Dirksen U, Hattenhorst U, Schneider P, Schroten H, Gobel U, Bocking A, Muller KM, Murray R and Burdach S
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Moulton SL, Krous HF, Merritt TA, Odell RM, Gangitano E and Cornish JD
J Pediatr 1992;120:297-302
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1341413
Glutaric aciduria type II: autopsy study of a case with electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase deficiency
Kamiya M, Eimoto T, Kishimoto H, Tsudzuki T, Morishita H, Wada Y, Wakabayashi T, Hashimoto T, Goodman SI, Frerman FE and et al.
Pediatr Pathol 1990;10:1007-19
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2082330
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in four siblings
Teja K, Cooper PH, Squires JE and Schnatterly P
N Engl J Med 1981;305:1390-2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7300857
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Published Literature on SECONDARY PAP
Increased NO production in lysinuric protein intolerance
Mannucci L, Emma F, Markert M, Bachmann C, Boulat O, Carrozzo R, Rizzoni G and Dionisi-Vici C
J Inherit Metab Dis 2005;28:123-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15877200
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis undergoing whole lung lavage in south Taiwan--a case report
Tsai TC, Hung CC, Chen MS, He CC, Kuo MC and Hsieh SW
Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan 2004;42:49-54
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15148695
Imaging of interstitial lung disease
Pipavath S and Godwin JD
Clin Chest Med 2004;25:455-65, v-vi
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15331186
[Alveolar proteinosis after professional exposure to cotton and linen dust, successfully treated with whole lung lavage--a case report]
Kosacka M, Dyla T and Jankowska R
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2004;72:217-20
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15757263
[Classification of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in newborns, infants, and children]
Brasch F and Muller KM
Pathologe 2004;25:299-309
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15241624
Effects of various forms of surfactant protein C on tidal volume in ventilated immature newborn rabbits
Tashiro K, Ohta K, Cui X, Nishizuka K, Yamamoto K, Konzaki T, Kobayashi T and Suzuki Y
J Appl Physiol 2003;94:1519-26
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12433871
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome
Ohnishi T, Yamada G, Shijubo N, Takagi-Takahashi Y, Itoh T, Takahashi H, Satoh M, Koba H, Nakata K and Abe S
Intern Med 2003;42:187-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12636240
Molecular determinants for amyloid fibril formation:lessons from lung surfactant protein C
Johansson J
Swiss Med Wkly 2003;133:275-82
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12844270
[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a report of 2 cases, with literature review]
Gao ZC, Xue Q, Xu Y, Li YP, Shen DH and He QY
Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2003;15:411-4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12857494
[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]
Floarea-Strat A, Stanciu A and Creteanu M
Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2003;107:518-23
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14756054
Deacylated pulmonary surfactant protein SP-C transforms from alpha-helical to amyloid fibril structure via a pH-dependent mechanism: an infrared structural investigation
Dluhy RA, Shanmukh S, Leapard JB, Kruger P and Baatz JE
Biophys J 2003;85:2417-29
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14507705
Human parainfluenza virus giant cell pneumonia following cord blood transplant associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Butnor KJ and Sporn TA
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:235-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12562244
Increased circulating CD16+ CD14dim monocytes in a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Yoshioka Y, Ohwada A, Harada N, Satoh N, Sakuraba S, Dambara T and Fukuchi Y
Respirology 2002;7:273-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12153694
[Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome]
Yokomura K, Chida K, Suda T, Miwa S, Nakano H, Kuwata H, Suzuki K, Matsuda H, Asada K, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Shirai M and Nakamura H
Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2002;40:599-604
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12382426
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as a terminal complication in myelodysplastic syndromes: a report of four cases detected on autopsy
Shoji N, Ito Y, Kimura Y, Nishimaki J, Kuriyama Y, Tauchi T, Yaguchi M, Payzulla D, Ebihara Y and Ohyashiki K
Leuk Res 2002;26:591-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12007507
Protein content and biophysical properties of tracheal aspirates form neonates with respiratory failure
Landmann E, Gortner L, Reiss I, Weller E and Tegtmeyer FK
Klin Padiatr 2002;214:1-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11823947
[Expression of GM-CSF in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]
Wang X, Luo F and Liu F
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2001;24:417-20
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11802999
T-cadherin (CDH13, H-cadherin) expression downregulated surfactant protein D in bronchioloalveolar cells
Takeuchi T, Misaki A, Fujita J, Sonobe H and Ohtsuki
Virchows Arch 2001;438:370-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11355171
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a spectrum of cytologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural findings in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Maygarden SJ, Iacocca MV, Funkhouser WK and Novotny DB
Diagn Cytopathol 2001;24:389-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11391819
Diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: usefulness of papanicolaou-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Chou CW, Lin FC, Tung SM, Liou RD and Chang SC
Arch Intern Med 2001;161:562-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11252115
Exogenous lipid pneumonia related to smoking weed oil following cadaveric renal transplantation
Vethanayagam D, Pugsley S, Dunn EJ, Russell D, Kay JM and Allen C
Can Respir J 2000;7:338-42
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10980460
Serological diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Kitamura T, Uchida K, Tanaka N, Tsuchiya T, Watanabe J, Yamada Y, Hanaoka K, Seymour JF, Schoch OD, Doyle I, Inoue Y, Sakatani M, Kudoh S, Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tomita T, Katagiri M, Fujita A, Kurashima A, Kanegasaki S and Nakata K
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:658-62
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10934102
[Digital clubbing associated with primary alveolar proteinosis: possible implication of growth factors]
Hazouard E, Jacquemain C, Rivoire B, Besnier JM, de Muret A and Diot P
Presse Med 2000;29:999
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10862250
Cholesterol granulomas of the lungs associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in pulmonary hypertension
Fischer EG, Marek JM, Morris A and Nashelsky MB
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:1813-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11100063
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a complication in patients with hematologic malignancy
Birsak CA, van Rossem RN, Nijhuis-Heddes JM and Maartense E
Neth J Med 2000;56:193-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10781712
Imaging of medical disease of the newborn lung
Newman B
Radiol Clin North Am 1999;37:1049-65
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10546665
Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Kitamura T, Tanaka N, Watanabe J, Uchida, Kanegasaki S, Yamada Y and Nakata K
J Exp Med 1999;190:875-80
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10499925
Acute respiratory failure caused by secondary alveolar proteinosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: a case report
Gacouin A, Le Tulzo Y, Suprin E, Briens E, Bernard M, Camus C and Thomas R
Intensive Care Med 1998;24:265-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9565812
Defective expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3/interleukin-5 receptor common beta chain in children with acute myeloid leukemia associated with respiratory failure
Dirksen U, Hattenhorst U, Schneider P, Schroten H, Gobel U, Bocking A, Muller KM, Murray R and Burdach S
Blood 1998;92:1097-103
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9694696
[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: ultrastructural study of 4 cases]
Garrido L, Gledhill T, Martin M, Caleiras E, Parada D and Garcia Tamayo J
Invest Clin 1997;38:25-37
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9235071
Secondary alveolar proteinosis in cancer patients
Ladeb S, Fleury-Feith J, Escudier E, Tran Van Nhieu J, Bernaudin JF and Cordonnier C
Support Care Cancer 1996;4:420-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8961472
[Histologic changes in the lungs and heart in children with extrahepatic blockade of the portal circulation]
Klochkov SA, Alekseevskikh Iu G and Seniakovich VM
Arkh Patol 1996;58:54-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8967847
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a painter with elevated pulmonary concentrations of titanium
Keller CA, Frost A, Cagle PT and Abraham JL
Chest 1995;108:277-80
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7606971
Six cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: presentation of unusual associations
Garcia Rio F, Alvarez-Sala R, Caballero P, Prados C, Pino JM and Villamor J
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1995;50:12-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7742818
A patient with multiple myeloma and respiratory insufficiency due to accumulation of paraprotein in the alveolar space
Meijer WG, Van Marwijk Kooy M and Ladde BE
Br J Haematol 1994;87:663-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7993818
Secondary alveolar proteinosis is a reversible cause of respiratory failure in leukemic patients
Cordonnier C, Fleury-Feith J, Escudier E, Atassi K and Bernaudin JF
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:788-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8118651
[An autopsy case of acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and systemic aspergillosis]
Kita H, Muro S, Nakano Y, Hattori N, Mizutani T, Kagioka H and Fujita M
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1993;31:374-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8315908
[A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with invasion of macrophages in alveolar interstitial region]
Ishida K, Hatakeyama S, Koumura K, Ebe T and Arai O
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1992;30:1852-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1464988
[Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and alveolar inflammation in acute severe bronchiolitis in infants]
Baldini G, Cappuccio A, Ruschi A, Bertelloni C and Pifferi M
Pediatr Med Chir 1992;14:597-600
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1298931
Hemodynamic changes during whole bronchoalveolar lavage in two cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Aguinaga MA, Santos P, Renes E, Alvaro PF, Lorente JA, Maudes A, Diaz RR, Landin L and Liste D
Intensive Care Med 1991;17:421-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=1774397
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with Pneumocystis carinii. Ultrastructural identification in bronchoalveolar lavage in AIDS and immunocompromised non-AIDS patients
Tran Van Nhieu J, Vojtek AM, Bernaudin JF, Escudier E and Fleury-Feith J
Chest 1990;98:801-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2209133
Glutaric aciduria type II: autopsy study of a case with electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase deficiency
Kamiya M, Eimoto T, Kishimoto H, Tsudzuki T, Morishita H, Wada Y, Wakabayashi T, Hashimoto T, Goodman SI, Frerman FE and et al.
Pediatr Pathol 1990;10:1007-19
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2209133
Pulmonary complications of leukemia
Hildebrand FL, Jr., Rosenow EC, 3rd, Habermann TM and Tazelaar HD
Chest 1990;98:1233-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2225971
[A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis accompanied with the elevation of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]
Tanaka F, Nakamura M, Nakashima H, Suga M, Sugimoto M, Ando M, Araki S and Higuchi S
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1989;27:968-73
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2615113
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Occurrence with metastatic melanoma to lung
Schiller V, Aberle DR and Aberle AM
Chest 1989;95:466-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2914503
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: primary and secondary, a report of three cases
Gilligan DM, McCabe MM and FitzGerald MX
Ir J Med Sci 1989;158:14-7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2737853
Alveolar proteinosis treated with a single bronchial lavage
Wilson JW, Rubinfeld AR, White A and Mullerworth M
Med J Aust 1986;145:158-60
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3736481
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis occurring in two patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Ruben FL and Talamo TS
Am J Med 1986;80:1187-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3014876
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Staining for surfactant apoprotein in alveolar proteinosis and in conditions simulating it
Singh G, Katyal SL, Bedrossian CW and Rogers RM
Chest 1983;83:82-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=6336692
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: its association with hematologic malignancy and lymphoma
Carnovale R, Zornoza J, Goldman AM and Luna M
Radiology 1977;122:303-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=834862
Defective lung macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Golde DW, Territo M, Finley TN and Cline MJ
Ann Intern Med 1976;85:304-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=183578
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, bronchiectasis and secondary amyloidosis: a case report
Ganguli PC, Lynne-Davies P and Sproule BJ
Can Med Assoc J 1972;106:569 passim
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5027640
Acute silico-proteinosis. A new pathologic variant of acute silicosis in sandblasters, characterized by histologic features resembling alveolar proteinosis
Buechner HA and Ansari A
Dis Chest 1969;55:274-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5775743
[Alveolar proteinosis secondary to pulmonary adenocarcinoma (secondary pneumopathy with amylaceous bodies). Anatomoclinical and histochemical study of a case]
Bisetti A and Barbolini G
Arch De Vecchi Anat Patol 1965;46:199-236
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5331417
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis with Hematologic Disorders
Doyle AP, Balcerzak SP, Wells CL and Crittenden JO
Arch Intern Med 1963;112:940-6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14065004
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Current Clinical Trials
LIST OF CURRENT CLINICAL TRIALS RELATED TO PAP
The trial descriptions are for informational purposes only. Individuals with PAP should discuss with their health care providers whether or not participation in a clinical trial is appropriate and advisable. Your health care provider can also discuss this with the Principal Investigator (PI) of the study in order to determine if you are eligible and if it is advisable for you to participate. Only PAP clinical trials and clinical studies that have obtained Institutional Review Board approval are listed below.
1. EXAMPLE
Official Title:
Purpose: Rationale
Eligibility: Ages Eligible for Study: 16 Years - 65 Years Genders Eligible for Study: Both
Location and Contact Information:
(coming soon)
Study chairs or principal investigators:
For more information about this clinical trial, visit:
Under Construction.
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Research Resources
PAP Registry
Under Construction
Tissue Bank
Under Construction
Knockout mice available
Under Construction
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